Abstract
BACKGROUND. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis by regulating energy metabolism and inducing angiogenesis to survive cellular hypoxia. Increased levels of HIF-1α, the O2-regulated subunit of HIF-1, were noted during breast carcinogenesis. In this study, the prognostic value of
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