Palaeomagnetic chronology of the evaporitic sedimentation in the Neogene Fortuna Basin (SE Spain): early restriction preceding the 'Messinian Salinity Crisis'

Abstract

The magnetostratigraphic study of the evaporitic Río Chicamo section (240 m) in the Neogene Fortuna Basin (Murcia, southeast Spain) has identified the record of five magnetozones. The most probable correlations with the standard geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) imply that the marine evaporitic sedimentation of this basin was not coeval with the Messinian evaporites of the Sorbas Basin (Almeria, southeast Spain) and the Caltanissetta Basin (central Sicily) (assigned to the reverse Chron C3r, late Messinian by Gautier et al., 1994). The marine evaporites and diatomites from the Fortuna Basin are older (late Tortonian to early Messinian) than the evaporites of those basins. The chronological framework for the sedimentation in the Fortuna Basin together with the isotopic data from the sulphates in these evaporitic units indicate the following. (1) Restriction and confinement in the basin initiated as early as uppermost Tortonian, leading to deposition of evaporites under mixed (marine-continental) conditions. (2) The subsequent sedimentation of marine evaporites and diatomites in this basin occurred in a period between the Tortonian and Messinian transition and the early Messinian: the onset of this sedimentation pre-dates similar sediments of restricted marine environments in the eastern Betics basins, and possibly of the western Mediterranean region also. (3) Episodes of restriction and reflooding in the basin would have occurred in response to periodic fluctuations of the oceanic level under local tectonic controls. In the Fortuna Basin, the global base level drop associated with the ‘late Messinian Salinity Crisis’ was recorded by the progradation of alluvial fans leading to thick clastic deposits overlying the youngest evaporites. These observations hint to: (a) the peculiar characteristics and sensitiveness of some of the marginal intramontane basins in the eastern Betics to reflect structural controls framed in the late Neogene global climatic changes; and (b) the diachronism of the beginning of the marine evaporitic deposition in the Mediterranean region linked to the salinity crisis during the Messinian.