Kinetic theory of collective excitations and damping in Bose-Einstein condensed gases

Abstract

We calculate the frequencies and damping rates of the low-lying collective modes of a Bose-Einstein condensed gas at nonzero temperature. We use a complex nonlinear Schrödinger equation to determine the dynamics of the condensate atoms, and couple it to a Boltzmann equation for the noncondensate atoms. In this manner we take into account both collisions between noncondensate-noncondensate and condensate-noncondensate atoms. We solve the linear response of these equations, using a time-dependent Gaussian trial function for the condensate wave function and a truncated power expansion for the deviation function of the thermal cloud. As a result, our calculation turns out to be characterized by two dimensionless parameters proportional to the noncondensate-noncondensate and condensate-noncondensate mean collision times. We find in general quite good agreement with experiment, both for the frequencies and damping of the collective modes.