Table of contents


c1: Introduction
1. Biomass, an energy source
2. Biomass energy systems
2.1 Biomass conversion routes to energy
2.2 Total bioenergy systems
3. The current role and future prospects for biomass as an energy source
3.1 Current contribution
3.2 A future role for biomass as an energy source
3.3 Availability of land for biomass production
4. Barriers
5. This thesis
6. References

c2: Characteristics and availability of biomass wastes and residues in the Netherlands for gasification

1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1 Availability and supply
2.2 Costs
2.3 Composition and degree of contamination
2.4 Technical limitations
3. Results
3.1 Availability
3.2 Costs of biomass residues and wastes
3.3 Composition and degree of contamination
3.4 Suitability of biomass residues and waste streams for gasification
4. Discussion
4.1 Availability and supply
4.2 Costs
4.3 Composition and contamination
4.4 Gasification of waste streams
5. Conclusions
6. References

c3: Gasification of biomass wastes and residues for electricity production

1. Introduction
2. Selection and characteristics of biomass wastes and residues
3. System design and performance
3.1 System selection and modelling
3.2 System efficiency
3.3 Environmental performance
4. Cost analysis
4.1 Investment costs
4.2 Operational costs
4.3 Logistics
4.4 Cost of electricity and waste treatment
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
7. References

c4: Optimization of the final waste treatment system in the Netherlands

1. Introduction
2. Waste streams & supply
3. Waste treatment technologies
3.1 Dedicated technologies to treat specific waste streams
3.2 Treatment technologies suited for integral waste streams
4. Evaluation of final waste treatment systems
4.1 Calculation of energy recovered and waste treatment costs
4.2 Definition of final waste treatment systems
4.3 Results
5. Discussion
6. Summary and conclusion
7. References

c5: Exploration of the land potential for the production of biomass for energy in the Netherlands
1. Introduction
2. Land; supply and demand
2.1 Developments in agriculture
2.2 Land claims from non-agricultural functions
2.3 Integrating demand and supply
3. Production of biomass and energy potential
3.1 Energy farming
3.2 Secondary biomass production and biomass residues related to land-use
3.3 Energy potential
4. Discussion and concluding remarks
5. References

c6: Externalities of biomass based electricity production compared to power generation from coal in the Netherlands

1. Introduction
2. The effects of the fuel cycles and valuation methods applied
3. Performance and effects of the fuel cycles
3.1 Background information
3.2 Selection and performance of the bio-energy system
3.3 Costs of electricity produced by the bioenergy system compared to coal based power generation
3.4 Emissions to air of the two fuel cycles
4. Valuation of external effects
4.1 Effects on the Gross Domestic product (GDP)
4.2 Employment
4.3 Emissions to air
4.4 External effects related to energy crop production
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
7. References

Summary and conclusions

Samenvatting en conclusies

Curriculum Vitae

Dankwoord


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Last update: August 18, 1997
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