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Marsinah L. Reijgwart, Nico J. Schoemaker, Riccardo Pascuzzo, Matthew C. Leach, Melanie Stodel, Loes de Nies, Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen, Miriam van der Meer, Claudia M. Vinke, Yvonne R. A. van Zeeland
The composition and initial evaluation of a grimace scale in ferrets after surgical implantation of a telemetry probe
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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(drawings)Tj
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(dog)Tj
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(and)Tj
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(rodents)Tj
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(22)Tj
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(veterinary)Tj
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(illustrator)Tj
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(anatomical)Tj
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(drawing)Tj
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q
1 j
1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 520.4409 cm
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Q
q
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(1632)Tj
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[()]TJ
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(\(range:)Tj
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(660940)Tj
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(group-housed)Tj
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(indoors)Tj
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(166)Tj
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(64.6)Tj
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(\(IRS)Tj
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(1)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
-30.1434 -1.2983 Td
(Hygienic)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(animal)Tj
2.9651 0 Td
(bedding\).)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
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(8:16)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(hour)Tj
2.1544 0 Td
(light:dark)Tj
4.0818 0 Td
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(8.00AM)Tj
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(16.00PM\))Tj
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(1825C.)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
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3.8494 0 Td
(stimulation)Tj
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(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(form)Tj
2.1997 0 Td
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1.0091 0 Td
(a)Tj
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(radio)Tj
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(was)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(present)Tj
-34.6504 -1.304 Td
(24)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(hours/day.)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
(Food)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(\(Hope)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(farms)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
(1)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
3.4923 0 Td
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2.6362 0 Td
(balance)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(pellets\))Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(water)Tj
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(were)Tj
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2.3754 0 Td
[()6(\r)]TJ
1.2019 0 Td
[()12()14()11()14()7()12()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
3.0727 0 Td
(in)Tj
-36.0961 -1.2982 Td
(stoneware)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(bowls.)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(Cage)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(enrichment)Tj
4.8756 0 Td
(consisted)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(ferret)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(ball)Tj
1.6554 0 Td
(\(25)Tj
1.5137 0 Td
(cm)Tj
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(diameter)Tj
3.7814 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(6)Tj
0.6917 0 Td
(holes)Tj
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(7.5)Tj
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1.4627 0 Td
(each\))Tj
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(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(large,)Tj
2.381 0 Td
(24L)Tj
1.7122 0 Td
(flexible)Tj
3.084 0 Td
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3.4753 0 Td
(bucket.)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
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1.7801 0 Td
(animals)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(acclimated)Tj
4.5184 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(their)Tj
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(housing)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(conditions)Tj
4.473 0 Td
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(27)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
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(prior)Tj
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1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(surgery.)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
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1.7801 0 Td
(ferrets)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(were)Tj
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(weekly)Tj
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(and)Tj
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(their)Tj
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(was)Tj
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(monitored)Tj
4.4901 0 Td
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Q
q
1 j
1 J
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11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 333.9779 cm
BT
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1 TL
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(and)Tj
1.8662 0 Td
(recovery)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
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BT
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1 TL
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(a)Tj
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(induced)Tj
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(0.2)Tj
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(\(Narketan,)Tj
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(100)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(mg/ml,)Tj
3.1238 0 Td
(range:)Tj
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(1626)Tj
2.6419 0 Td
(mg/kg\)dexmedetomidi)Tj
9.7341 0 Td
(ne)Tj
1.1905 0 Td
(\(Dexdomitor)Tj
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(1)Tj
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6.7068 0 Td
(0.5)Tj
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[()]TJ
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(g/kg\))Tj
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(left)Tj
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(caudal)Tj
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(thigh)Tj
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1.7858 0 Td
(ferrets)Tj
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(a)Tj
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(dorsal)Tj
-34.6108 -1.3039 Td
(recumbence)Tj
5.1079 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ventral)Tj
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2.9537 0 Td
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1.7291 0 Td
(disinfected)Tj
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(70%)Tj
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(alcohol.)Tj
3.3392 0 Td
(A)Tj
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(midline)Tj
-33.1027 -1.2983 Td
(incision,)Tj
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1.9956 0 Td
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4.371 0 Td
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(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(most)Tj
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(cranial)Tj
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(nipples,)Tj
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(through)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(skin,)Tj
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2.1203 0 Td
[()12()12()6()7()]TJ
2.1316 0 Td
[()11()14()4()]TJ
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1.8992 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(peritoneum)Tj
4.9209 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(enter)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(abdomen.)Tj
4.2123 0 Td
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1.7858 0 Td
(time)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(inci-)Tj
-34.8659 -1.304 Td
(sion)Tj
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(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(registered)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(T)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 293.8393 224.3338 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(0)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 297.3543 225.9779 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(.)Tj
0.4478 0 Td
(Two)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(telemetry)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(probes)Tj
2.9083 0 Td
(\(DST)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(micro-T)Tj
3.5659 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(-HRT,)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(STAR)Tj
2.6135 0 Td
(ODDI,)Tj
2.999 0 Td
(8.3)Tj
-35.1833 -1.2982 Td
(mm)Tj
1.8596 0 Td
(diameter,)Tj
4.0081 0 Td
(25.5)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(long\))Tj
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(were)Tj
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(inserted)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(abdomen.)Tj
4.2123 0 Td
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/F11 1 Tf
1.7858 0 Td
[()12()12()6()7()]TJ
2.126 0 Td
[()11()14()4()]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
1.9048 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(skin)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(sepa-)Tj
-34.7128 -1.2983 Td
(rately)Tj
2.4492 0 Td
(closed)Tj
2.7042 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(interrupted)Tj
4.7961 0 Td
(sutures)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(\(Vicryl)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
(1)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
4.0138 0 Td
(30,)Tj
1.9105 0 Td
(Ethicon\).)Tj
3.9288 0 Td
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1.3947 0 Td
(surgeries)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(were)Tj
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(performed)Tj
-32.207 -1.3039 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(experienced)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(technicians)Tj
4.7451 0 Td
(who)Tj
1.9389 0 Td
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(able)Tj
1.8312 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(perform)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(surgery)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(procedure)Tj
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(on)Tj
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(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(single)Tj
2.5341 0 Td
(animal)Tj
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2.812 0 Td
(15)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(minutes,)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(thereby)Tj
3.2257 0 Td
(enabling)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(surgeries)Tj
3.7871 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(completed)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.532 0 Td
(9:00)Tj
1.8708 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(11:30)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(AM)Tj
-35.5575 -1.2982 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(day.)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
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3.3901 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(short)Tj
2.2903 0 Td
(duration)Tj
3.6964 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(surgery,)Tj
3.4186 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(additional)Tj
4.2802 0 Td
(heat)Tj
1.8992 0 Td
(support)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.1493 -1.2983 Td
(needed)Tj
3.0955 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(allow)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(ferrets)Tj
2.7551 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(maintain)Tj
3.838 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(body)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(temperature.)Tj
5.3518 0 Td
(Following)Tj
4.2179 0 Td
(surgery,)Tj
3.4242 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(single)Tj
-33.5166 -1.3039 Td
(intra-muscular)Tj
6.2022 0 Td
(injection)Tj
3.7586 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(0.02)Tj
1.8709 0 Td
(ml)Tj
1.2869 0 Td
(Antisedan)Tj
/F13 1 Tf
(1)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
5.3121 0 Td
(\(Atipamezole,)Tj
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