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Timothy van der Hoeven, Joyce L. Browne, Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Diederick E. Grobbee, Geertje W. Dalmeijer
Antenatal coffee and tea consumption and the effect on birth outcome and hypertensive pregnancy disorders
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
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(Leidsche)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(Rijn,)Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8765 0 Td
(residential)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(area)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(near)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(Utrecht,)Tj
3.5263 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(Nether-)Tj
-33.5846 -1.2983 Td
(lands.)Tj
2.5625 0 Td
(Exclusion)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(criteria)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(36)Tj
1.1735 0 Td
(weeks,)Tj
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(major)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(congenital)Tj
-31.3396 -1.2983 Td
(abnormalities)Tj
5.7032 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(neonatal)Tj
3.6624 0 Td
(respiratory)Tj
4.5977 0 Td
(disease.)Tj
3.2429 0 Td
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2.6815 0 Td
(multiple)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(children)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(mother)Tj
-33.4826 -1.2982 Td
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(included,)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(firstborn)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(child)Tj
2.211 0 Td
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1.7008 0 Td
(incorporated)Tj
5.4198 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(dataset.)Tj
-24.6839 -1.3039 Td
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5.0002 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(recruited)Tj
3.8551 0 Td
(within)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(14)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(days)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(after)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(giving)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(birth.)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
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1.7008 0 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9685 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
-36.3229 -1.2983 Td
(pediatric)Tj
3.7473 0 Td
(Medical)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(Ethical)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(Committee)Tj
4.7395 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(Medical)Tj
3.4356 0 Td
(Center)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(Utrecht.)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(Written)Tj
-31.7024 -1.2983 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(parental)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(obtained.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 541.0771 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Measurements)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 524.0692 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(When)Tj
2.6815 0 Td
(offspring)Tj
3.8381 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(four)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(weeks)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(age,)Tj
1.7688 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9549 0 Td
(visited)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(clinic)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(regard-)Tj
-33.9701 -1.2982 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(ante-,)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(peri-)Tj
2.1487 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(postnatal)Tj
3.8664 0 Td
(factors)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.7361 0 Td
(through)Tj
3.4412 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(questionnaire.)Tj
5.9301 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(included)Tj
-32.6775 -1.3039 Td
(maternal)Tj
3.7927 0 Td
(characteristics)Tj
5.9073 0 Td
(\(age,)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(height,)Tj
2.9537 0 Td
(weight,)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(parity,)Tj
2.7893 0 Td
(ethnicity,)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(educational)Tj
4.8585 0 Td
(level\))Tj
2.3528 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(child)Tj
-33.5563 -1.2983 Td
(characteristics)Tj
5.9016 0 Td
(\(birth)Tj
2.5342 0 Td
(weight,)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1884 0 Td
(length,)Tj
2.9593 0 Td
(sex,)Tj
1.6894 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(age)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9525 0 Td
(birth,)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(mode)Tj
2.5001 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(delivery\).)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
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-35.2684 -1.2983 Td
(ticipants)Tj
3.6339 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(asked)Tj
2.4662 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4944 0 Td
(their)Tj
2.1033 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(coffee,)Tj
2.795 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(alcohol)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(consumption)Tj
5.5446 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(preg-)Tj
-33.5393 -1.3039 Td
(nancy.)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(Consumption)Tj
5.7883 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(cups)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5364 0 Td
(day,)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(week,)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(month)Tj
2.9197 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(year.)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(Coffee)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(specified)Tj
-33.613 -1.2982 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(either)Tj
2.5285 0 Td
(caffeinated)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(decaffeinated.)Tj
5.7543 0 Td
(Due)Tj
1.9048 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(later)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(addition)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(coffee)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(questions)Tj
4.0251 0 Td
(to)Tj
-35.6822 -1.2983 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(questionnaire,)Tj
5.93 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.074 0 Td
(about)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(prenatal)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(coffee)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0998 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(available)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(936)Tj
1.6497 0 Td
(of)Tj
-36.5723 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(2500)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(participants,)Tj
5.1874 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(887)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(information)Tj
5.0797 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(both.)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(Smoking)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(in)Tj
-35.5405 -1.2983 Td
(number)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(cigarettes)Tj
3.9855 0 Td
(per)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(day.)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
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5.0003 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(asked)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(if)Tj
0.7767 0 Td
(they)Tj
1.9219 0 Td
(suffered)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(any)Tj
1.6611 0 Td
(specific)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(disorders)Tj
-32.3714 -1.2983 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(\(hypertension,)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
([pre-]eclampsia,)Tj
6.7124 0 Td
(diabetes,)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(HELLP\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 368.0503 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Maternal)Tj
4.063 0 Td
(variables)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 351.0425 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Coffee)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(\(caffeinated)Tj
4.9152 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(decaffeinated\))Tj
5.8676 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(converted)Tj
4.1953 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(cups/day.)Tj
4.0252 0 Td
(Caffeine)Tj
-32.0653 -1.2982 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(calculated)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(daily)Tj
2.1543 0 Td
(caffeinated)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(coffee)Tj
2.5739 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3719 0 Td
(intake.)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(According)Tj
4.4391 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Dutch)Tj
-33.046 -1.3039 Td
(Nutrition)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(Centre)Tj
2.948 0 Td
(caffeine)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(content)Tj
3.2654 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(average)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(serving)Tj
3.1125 0 Td
(\(125mL\))Tj
3.685 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(coffee)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.3777 0 Td
(is)Tj
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(consid-)Tj
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(ered)Tj
1.9672 0 Td
(85mg)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(30mg,)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(respectively.[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(32)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
6.7407 0 Td
(Alcohol)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(use)Tj
1.5307 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
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(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(converted)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8369 0 Td
(IU/day.)Tj
-33.647 -1.2983 Td
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3.7984 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.4107 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(converted)Tj
4.2009 0 Td
(into)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(total)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(number)Tj
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(cigarettes)Tj
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(smoked)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(during)Tj
-33.3012 -1.3039 Td
(pregnancy,)Tj
4.6317 0 Td
(taking)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(duration)Tj
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(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(pregnancy)Tj
4.4106 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(antenatal)Tj
3.8834 0 Td
(smoking)Tj
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(cessation)Tj
3.8438 0 Td
(into)Tj
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(account.)Tj
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3.8777 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(based)Tj
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(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(western)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(or)Tj
1.0999 0 Td
(non-western)Tj
5.2837 0 Td
(origin)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(mother.)Tj
3.3959 0 Td
(Mothers)Tj
3.6 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(consid-)Tj
-34.4804 -1.2983 Td
(ered)Tj
1.9558 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(western)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(origin)Tj
2.6418 0 Td
(when)Tj
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(born)Tj
2.143 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(Europe)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(\(excl)Tj
2.109 0 Td
(Turkey\),)Tj
3.668 0 Td
(North)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(America,)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(Oceania,)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(Indonesia)Tj
-33.6356 -1.2983 Td
(or)Tj
1.0941 0 Td
(Japan.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
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BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Birth)Tj
2.2535 0 Td
(outcome)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 204.0377 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Birth)Tj
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(weight)Tj
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(by)Tj
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(calculating)Tj
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(internal)Tj
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(Z-scores,)Tj
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(adjusted)Tj
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(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
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(birth)Tj
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(length)Tj
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(by)Tj
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(calculating)Tj
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(internal)Tj
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(Z-scores,)Tj
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(adjusted)Tj
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(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
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(at)Tj
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(birth,)Tj
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(birth)Tj
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(weight)Tj
2.8857 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(sex.)Tj
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2.4434 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(\(SGA\))Tj
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(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(considered)Tj
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(a)Tj
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(weight)Tj
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(below)Tj
2.5852 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(10)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.4999 0 0 6.6659 278.9291 169.4551 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0053 Tc
0 0 Td
(th)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
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BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
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(percentile)Tj
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(for)Tj
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(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
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(at)Tj
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(birth.)Tj
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(SGA)Tj
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(calculated)Tj
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(by)Tj
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(comparing)Tj
-32.8759 -1.3039 Td
(birth)Tj
2.1883 0 Td
(weight)Tj
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(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(gestational)Tj
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(age)Tj
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(at)Tj
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(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(reference)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(charts)Tj
2.6363 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Netherlands)Tj
5.1194 0 Td
(Perinatal)Tj
-33.732 -1.2982 Td
(Registry.[)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(39)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Data)Tj
2.3102 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Linear)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(regression)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(assess)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(relation)Tj
3.3166 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(coffee,)Tj
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(tea)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(and)Tj
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(caffeine)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(consumption)Tj
-31.9632 -1.2982 Td
(and)Tj
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(continuous)Tj
4.7338 0 Td
(birth)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(outcomes.)Tj
4.3143 0 Td
(Caffeine)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
(intake,)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(tea)Tj
1.372 0 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6929 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(coffee)Tj
2.5738 0 Td
(intake)Tj
2.6873 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(entered)Tj
3.2371 0 Td
(as)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 381.8267 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
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