De Relatie tussen Parental Self-Efficacy en Gedragsproblemen van Peuters bij Jongens en Meisjes

Abstract

Background. This study was set up to examine to what extend parental self-efficacy (PSE) relates to conduct problems in toddlers and whether this association is moderated by whether a toddler is a girl or a boy. Method. Data in this study is collected using an online questionnaire. PSE was measured by the Nijmeegse Opvoed Stress Index (NOSI) and the conduct problems in toddlers was measured using the Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). This study included 168 parents who filled out in the questionnaire about toddlers aged 13 to 64 months (64 boys, 75 girls). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine whether the association between PSE and conduct problems by toddlers is stronger for boys. Results. First the results suggest that a low level of PSE is related to more conduct problems. Second, girls and boys do not differ from each other regarding conduct problems. Finally, the results show that the negative relationship between PSE and conduct problems in toddlers is stronger for girls than for boys. Conclusion. There are differences in the relationship between PSE and conduct problems for girls and boys. Since this is not in line with previous research, in which especially the conduct problems in boys are confirmed, follow-up research should focus on the relationship between PSE and conduct problems as they occur in young girls. Given the effect of PSE on conduct problems in toddlers, more attention should be paid to developing strategies for increasing the level of PSE.