European evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset lupus nephritis: The SHARE initiative
Groot, Noortje; De Graeff, Nienke; Marks, Stephen D; Brogan, Paul A.; Avcin, Tadej; Bader-Meunier, Brigitte; Dolezalova, Pavla; Feldman, Brian M.; Kone-Paut, Isabelle; Lahdenne, Pekka; McCann, Liza J.; Özen, Seza; Pilkington, Clarissa A.; Ravelli, Angelo; Van Royen-Kerkhof, Annet; Uziel, Yosef; Vastert, Bas J.; Wulffraat, Nico M.; Beresford, Michael W.; Kamphuis, Sylvia
(2017) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, volume 76, issue 12, pp. 1965 - 1973
(Article)
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in 50%-60% of patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), leading to significant morbidity. Timely recognition of renal involvement and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent renal damage. The Single Hub and Access point for paediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) initiative aimed to generate diagnostic and
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management regimens for children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases including cSLE. Here, we provide evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of childhood LN. Recommendations were developed using the European League Against Rheumatism standard operating procedures. A European-wide expert committee including paediatric nephrology representation formulated recommendations using a nominal group technique. Six recommendations regarding diagnosis and 20 recommendations covering treatment choices and goals were accepted, including each class of LN, described in the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society 2003 classification system. Treatment goal should be complete renal response. Treatment of class I LN should mainly be guided by other symptoms. Class II LN should be treated initially with low-dose prednisone, only adding a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug after 3 months of persistent proteinuria or prednisone dependency. Induction treatment of class III/IV LN should be mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or intravenous cyclophosphamide combined with corticosteroids; maintenance treatment should be MMF or azathioprine for at least 3 years. In pure class V LN, MMF with low-dose prednisone can be used as induction and MMF as maintenance treatment. The SHARE recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of LN have been generated to support uniform and high-quality care for all children with SLE.
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Keywords: corticosteroids, disease activity, lupus nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, treatment, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Immunology, General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology
ISSN: 0003-4967
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group
Note: Funding Information: 1Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 3Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK 4University Children’s Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 5Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France 61st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 7Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 8Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, APHP, University of Paris Sud, Paris, France 9Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 10Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK 11Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 12Università degli Studi di Genova and Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy 13Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 14Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK contributors SK and MB are senior authors. NW and SV designed the SHARE initiative. NG and NdG performed the systematic literature review, supervised by MB and SK. Validity assessment of selected papers was done by MWB, SK, TA, AR, IKP, BBM, CP. Recommendations were formulated by NG, MB and SK. The expert committee consisted of TA, BBM, PB, PD, IKP, PL, LM, SO, CP, AR, AvR, YU, NW, SK, MWB, SM, GK; they completed the online surveys and/or participated in the subsequent consensus meetings. NG, NdG, SK and MWB prepared the consensus meetings, and NG and NdG chaired the meetings and took minutes. AR and BF facilitated the consensus procedure using nominal group technique. NG, SK and MWB wrote the manuscript, with contribution and approval of all coauthors. Publisher Copyright: © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.
(Peer reviewed)